Orthodontics, or “braces” is the branch of dentistry that focuses on preventing problems caused by an irregular bite. Orthodontists also have specialized training in dealing with facial abnormalities and disorders of the jaw. A parent may consult an orthodontist after receiving a referral from their child's general dentist.

Any orthodontic problem may be classified as a malocclusion, or "bad bite." Orthodontic treatment can be used to correct:

Misaligned, crooked, or crowded teeth.
Missing teeth
Extra teeth
An over- or
Misaligned or incorrect jaw position
A disorder of the jaw joint


In most cases, the ideal time for orthodontic treatment, is between the ages of 10 and 14. Although the re-alignment of teeth can be done at any age, the adult mouth must overcome already-positioned facial bones and jaw structure and may require more than one type of orthodontic treatment and can sometimes involve surgery.

Braces, also called fixed orthodontic appliances, generally come in three varieties:
Brackets, which may be metal or plastic, clear or tooth-colored, that are bonded to teeth.
Lingual-type brackets that attach to the back of teeth, hidden from view.
Metal bands that wrap around the teeth.


All three types use wires to move the teeth to the desired position.

While the braces are in place, it is important to maintain a thorough dental health routine that includes regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush, as food becomes easily lodged in the braces. Daily flossing between the teeth and the braces is essential as are cleanings by your dentist or orthodontist every six months or as recommended. It is also a good idea to limit sugar and starch intake, as debris left behind from these types of foods may turn into damaging acids, which may harm teeth and gums and promote plaque formation. Also avoid hard or sticky snacks that may be difficult to remove from the wires and brackets. This includes foods such as popcorn, hard or chewy candy, caramel and nuts.

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